本研究之主要目的在於探討社會關係對幼兒同理關懷行為之影響，並加入年齡、性別變項，以了解不同年齡與性別幼兒對待不同社會關係對象與關係品質的差異情形。本研究對象為台北市某國小、台北縣某安親班與幼稚園的國小一年級七歲兒童、幼稚園大班的六歲幼兒與小班的五歲幼兒，每個年齡層各取32名男女各半幼兒，共有96位幼兒作為研究對象，以個別訪談蒐集研究資料，並以SPSS 12.0版進行皮爾森積差相關、獨立二因子變異數分析、混合三因子變異數分析與多變量變異數分析進行統計考驗。本研究之主要研究發現：
一、不同年齡、性別幼兒對他人同理關懷行為總量上無顯著差異。幼兒在分享給他人平均的數量上超過了自己所得，且不受年齡、性別的影響。
二、關係品質對幼兒的同理關懷行為有顯著的影響。幼兒傾向分享較多的數量給關係品質好的對象，其次是陌生幼兒，而對關係品質不好者有著最低程度的分享。並且不因對方是手足、同儕或是陌生幼兒而有所不同。
三、不同年齡幼兒對待不同社會關係對象與關係品質有顯著差異。小一的兒童比起學齡前幼兒對正向關係品質對象有較顯著的付出；而小班幼兒在對待正向關係品質對象與陌生幼兒則無顯著差異。
本研究針對上述研究發現做出若干討論，並據以提出對未來研究者，以及父母、教育工作者之相關建議，希望對於幼兒同理關懷行為及未來研究能有所助益。

This study was aimed to investigate how children’s empathic concern behaviors differ across gender, age groups, as well as types and quality of social relationship. Specifically, how children across gender and ages engage in empathic concern behaviors diffened as reacting to the needs of peer, sibling, and unacquainted kid? How did the empathic concern behaviors differ as a function of the quality of relationship?
The subjects consisted of 96 children aged five, six, and seven with sixteen girls and sixteen boys in each group. Only were children with siblings recruited as participants. Children’s empathic concern behaviors were measured by their reactions to two hypothetical excerpts, in which children’s sibling, peer, and an unacquainted kid were in face of a difficult situation. The statistical analyses included Pearson product-moment correlation, two-way ANOVA, three-way ANOVA, and MANOVA. The results were as the following:
1.No significant differences in empathic concern behaviors were noted due to differences in gender and age.
2.Children had more empathic concern behaviors to someone they like than to someone they dislike, no matter who was in need.
3.Seven-year-old children showed more empathic concern behaviors to someone they like. There were no differences in empathic concern behaviors for five-year old children as reacted to liked and unacquainted kids.

第一章 緒論
第一節 研究動機 1
第二節 研究目的與研究問題 3
第三節 名詞解釋 3

第二章 文獻探討
第一節 同理關懷的行為表現 6
第二節 社會關係與關係品質對同理關懷行為的影響 18

第三章 研究方法
第一節 研究設計 25
第二節 研究工具的發展 27
第三節 正式資料蒐集 39
第四節 資料分析 45

第四章 研究結果 51

第五章
第一節 討論 62
第二節 建議 70

參考文獻 73
附錄 78

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