許多研究顯示人工電子耳有助於改善重度聽障者的聽覺接收能力，相較之下，電子耳使用者口語表現方面的研究則相對較少。此外，目前的相關研究多以英語使用者為主，但華語屬於聲調語言，以英語使用者為研究對象之研究結果無法完全類推至華語使用者。因此本研究針對華語電子耳使用者的嗓音特質及口語聲調進行深入探討，並比較其與聽常者間的差異情形。
本研究的研究對象為14名配帶電子耳且聽能表現較佳的兒童及19名聽常兒童。以聲學分析及嗓音聽知覺評估完整分析受測者的嗓音特質，並以聽知覺評估方式分析受測者口語聲調的語音樣本。嗓音特質評估的部分，在嗓音聲學分析方面，以Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP) 分析受測者持續發母音/ㄚ/時的嗓音聲學參數，分析的參數包括頻率擾動係數、振幅擾動係數、噪訊比、基礎頻率變異、及振幅波峰變異；在嗓音聽知覺評估方面，則請二位資深語言治療師，針對受測者持續發母音/ㄚ/及唸讀短文時的嗓音特質予以評分，評估的項目包括音高高低、音量大小、音調變化、粗糙音、氣息聲、嗓音無力、及拉緊音。口語聲調評估的部分，則由十位聽常的成人，針對受測者所發之單詞及雙詞的聲調進行聽知覺評估，以計算受測者的口語聲調正確率。
研究結果發現，在嗓音聲學分析方面，除振幅波峰變異的數值未顯著改善外，電子耳使用者其他所有嗓音聲學變項的數值皆已與聽常者相似。但在嗓音聽知覺評估方面的結果顯示電子耳使用者仍有音高與音量控制能力較差、音調單調、及輕微至中等程度的嗓音無力與拉緊音。這種聲學分析和聽知覺評估不一致的結果，可能導因於嗓音聲學參數無法完全呈現電子耳使用者的口語產生時嗓音情形。在口語聲調的表現方面，電子耳使用者的口語聲調正確率仍顯著低於聽常兒童，電子耳兒童的口語聲調趨於平坦。本研究結果有助了解長期使用電子耳且聽能表現較佳者其嗓音及口語聲調的特性，提供臨床工作者參考。

Previous studies have showed that cochlear implant (CI) helps to improve the speech perception for individuals with severe to profound hearing impairment. However, there are only few studies investigating the speech production of CI users. Furthermore, most studies were carried out in English speakers. Since Mandarin is a tonal language, thosee results from English speakers might not be applied directly to Mandarin speakers. The present study investigated the production of lexical tone and voice characteristics by the Mandarin-speaking children with a CI, and compared their results with those from normal hearing children.
Speech samples in this study were collected from 14 CI children with good hearing performance and 19 normal hearing controls. In the assessment of voice quality, both acoustic and perceptual analysis was conducted. Acoustic analysis was performed using Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP) for the sustained vowel /a/ produced by the two groups of subjects. Perceptual appraisal of voice characteristics was judged by 2 experienced speech and language pathologists for subjects sustained vowels and reading passages. In the assessment of tone production, the percent correct was measured from the results of tone recognition tasks by 10 normal hearing adults listensing to subjects produced words.
The results of acoustic measures of voice quality showed that the values of 4 out of 5 acoustic parameters, except vAM, of CI users were not significantly different from those of normal hearing children, indicating that these CI children achieved similar results as normal controls. However, in the result of perceptual appraisal, CI users still showed mild to moderate disorders for most of their voice attributes. The inconsistent results of acoustic and perceptual measurement might be due to the lack of sensitivity of acoustic parameters to not-so-severe voice disorder. For the production of lexical tone, CI users are significantly poorer performance than normal hearing speakers, and they tend to have a relatively flat fundamental frequency contour for their tonal contrasts.

目次.......................................................I
表次.....................................................III
圖次......................................................IV
附錄.......................................................V

第一章 緒論.................................................1
第一節 研究動機.............................................1
第二節 研究目的.............................................3
第三節 待答問題.............................................4
第四節 名詞釋義.............................................5
第二章 文獻探討.............................................7
第一節 聽覺障礙與人工電子耳...................................7
第二節 人工電子耳使用者聽知覺及言語之相關研究..................15
第三節 人工電子耳使用者之口語聲調特質.........................23
第四節 人工電子耳使用者之嗓音特質.............................33
第三章 研究方法............................................46
第一節 研究架構............................................46
第二節 研究對象............................................48
第三節 研究工具............................................49
第四節 實施程序............................................52
第四章 研究結果與討論.......................................61
第一節 研究對象之背景資料....................................61
第二節 人工電子耳使用者的嗓音特質.............................65
第三節 人工電子耳使用者口語聲調正確率.........................80
第四節 綜合討論............................................85
第五章 研究結論與建議.......................................91
第一節 研究結論與應用價值....................................91
第二節 研究限制............................................93
第三節 未來研究的建議.......................................94
參考文獻...................................................95

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