本研究探討三至六歲典型發展兒童及構音異常兒童在「兒童構音與音韻測驗」之構音與音韻表現。
本研究對象為台北市、新北市、彰化縣公立托兒所及幼稚園及聖若瑟醫院聽力在正常範圍的126位典型發展及67位構音異常兒童，以自編「兒童構音與音韻測驗」為評估工具，藉由兒童看圖片自發命名以及仿說句子的方式收集兒童的語音，在刺激材料的選擇上，研究者蒐集兒童已習得且生活常用之詞彙，以四十七題詞彙測驗及十二題句子測驗為試題，測驗題本以單頁單一彩色圖畫方式呈現刺激材料。施測時間約需要十至二十分鐘。施測時以紙筆方式進行，透過標準化的施測程序，蒐集並記錄兒童反應，進而分析兒童的語音，探討典型兒童和構音異常兒童在整體語音錯誤率的表現，以及其錯誤音之音韻歷程，此外，探討本測驗工具之信度、效度，以作為未來測驗使用時之參考。
研究結果發現，本研究之效標關聯效度為.83，評分者間信度為.82，重測信度為.78。在聲母錯誤率方面，三歲組兒童構音仍在發展中，典型發展兒童錯誤率達17.3％，構音異常兒童錯誤率達35.8％，四歲及五歲組兒童的構音發展已逐漸穩定，典型發展兒童大多在15％以下，構音異常兒童仍高達20％以上，在總錯誤率方面，典型發展兒童錯誤率10％以下，構音異常兒童三歲組錯誤率達21.1％，四歲組16.6％，五歲組則為13.3％。而在錯誤音的音韻歷程方面，典型發展兒童在三歲組多出現邊音化、不送氣化、塞擦化、塞音化、後置化、中介音省略、擦音化的音韻歷程，四歲組則主要出現邊音化、後置化、塞音化、中介音省略、不送氣化、塞擦化的音韻歷程，五歲組兒童僅出現邊音化、不送氣化、中介音省略的音韻歷程，然而，在構音異常兒童部份，各年齡出現聲隨韻母省略、複韻母省略、塞音化、塞擦音化、擦音化、不送氣化、邊音化、後置音化、中介音省略的音韻歷程，較不受年齡發展之影響。
本研究結果能提供未來構音與音韻相關研究之參考，而「兒童構音與音韻測驗」工具及紀錄紙，可提供語言治療師及學校教師在臨床診斷之參考。

The purpose of the study is to develop “an Articulation and Phonology Test in Children” to assess both individual phoneme misarticulations and phonological processes. The result of the study provides a better under-standing of children’s articulatory and phonological ability and a basis of the percentage of the error sounds for researchers and clinicians.The sub-jects, of age 3 to 6, were mainly studying in the day-care center or kin-dergarten in the north and the center of Taiwan, and were treated in the St. Joseph’s Hospital. One hundred and twenty-six typical developmental children and 67 misarticulations were assessed in the research. The method was that the participants named the pictures in the 47 pieces of the picture and repeated 12 sentences with the pictures. The researcher collected and analyzed the material of speech. The findings of this study were as follow:（1）The Pearson Correlation was shown and indicated that “an articulation and phonology test in children” has high inter-rater reli-ability.（2）The results of this study indicated that “an Articulation and Phonology Test in Children has high content validity. The test items are consistent with the relevant test instruments on the basis of literature re-view.（3）There are significant differences between typical and atypical groups of age 3 to 6 on subtest I and II in this study. Based on the results, it presents that the articulation and phonology test in children has high construct validity.

封面 1
致謝辭 i
中文摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目次 v
表次 vi
圖表 viii
附錄 xii
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機 1
第二節 研究目的與待答問題 4
第三節 名詞釋義 5
第二章 文獻探討 9
第一節 兒童語音發展 9
第二節 兒童音韻歷程之發展 17
第三節 兒童構音與音韻異常相關研究 31
第四節 國內外構音與音韻測驗工具介紹 35
第三章 研究方法 45
第一節 研究對象 45
第二節 研究工具 50
第三節 研究流程 58
第四節 資料處理與分析 62
第四章 研究結果與討論 65
第一節 效度考驗 65
第二節 信度考驗 74
第三節 兒童構音與音韻測驗錯誤率分析 75
第四節 兒童錯誤音之音韻歷程分析 79
第五章 結論與研究建議 89
第一節 結論 89
第二節 研究限制 92
第三節 研究建議 94
參考文獻 97

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